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% particles < 0.016 mm < 10 10-20 21-40 >40 K-HCI (mg K/100 g soil) Rating < 5 < 8 < 11 < 14 Low 5-8 8-12 11-14 14-17 Moderate 9-12 13-17 15-21 18-25 Good > 12 > 17 >21 >25 High Mg-NaCI
(mg Mg per kg soil)Rating <30 Low 30-60 Moderate >60 Good - Table 1.
Critical levels of the C-figure of the soil for the estimation of the occurence of salt damage for some common deciduous trees.
Rating of symptoms
No visual damage observed
Threshold level for the occurence of visual damage
Visual damage (leaf-necrosis, leaf-shedding, twig-dieback)
Heavy damage or initial stages of death
Tree species C-figure (g NaCI/l soil moisture) I II III IV Acer pseudoplatanus 0-2 2-3 3-9 9-12 Aesculus hippocastanum 0-2 3 >3 … Fagus sylvatica 0-2 2-4 4-10 >7 Fraxinus excelsior 0-3 3-4 4-11 7-11 Platanus x acerifolia 0-2 2-6 6-10 6-10 Populus x euramericana (*) 0-1 1-2 2-6 >6 Quercus robur 0-5 5-10 > 10 … Salix alba 0-2 2-6 6-12 4-12 Tilia x vulgaris 0-4 4 > 4 … Ulmus x hollandica (*) 0-2 2-4 4-7 >8 - Table 2.
Critical values of the chloride content in the leaves for the estimation of the occurence of salt damage for some common deciduous trees.
Tree species Cl-content (g Cl/kg dry matter) Healthy Threshold (*) Visual damage Acer pseudoplatanus 0-6 6-12 12-35 Aesculus hippocastanum 0-7 7-11 11-32 Fagus sylvatica 0-5 5-7 7-32 Fraxinus excelsior 0-4 4-10 10-30 Platanus x aceritolia 0-11 11-16 16-42 Poputus x euramericana (**) 0-7 7-13 13-39 Quercus robur 0-5 5-6 6-12 Salix alba 0-5 5-6 6-12 Tilia x vulgaris 0-6 6-9 9-28 Ulmus x hollandica (**) 0-7 7-15 15-35 - Table 3a.
Provisional values of the content of foliar nitrogen (g per kg dry matter) for the estimation of N-deficiency in the leaves in the period from early August to mid-September (4,8,9).
Tree species N-Supply Too low Low Normal Optimal Acer campestre < 15 15-17 18-22 > 22 Acer negundo < 13 13-16 17-22 > 22 Acer platanoides < 17 17-22 23-27 > 27 Acer pseudoplatanus < 17 17-22 23-27 > 27 Acer saccharinum < 13 13-18 19-27 > 27 Aesculus hippocastanum < 14 14-18 19-22 > 22 Alnus glutinosa < 22 22-25 26-30 > 30 Alnus incana < 20 20-24 25-30 > 30 Betula pendula < 18 18-22 23-30 > 30 Carpinus betulus < 15 15-19 20-27 > 27 Corylus avellana < 18 18-22 23-25 > 25 Corylus colurna < 18 18-22 23-30 > 30 Crataegus laevigata < 15 15-18 19-22 > 22 Crataegus monogyna < 15 15-18 19-22 > 22 Fagus sylvatica < 18 18-20 21 -28 > 28 Fraxinus excelsior < 18 18-22 23-28 > 28 Gleditsia triacanthos < 16 16-19 20-25 > 25 Juglans nigra < 15 15-20 21 -26 > 26 Juglans regia < 20 20-25 26-35 > 35 Liquidambar styraciflua < 14 14-17 18-28 > 28 Liriodendron tulipifera < 20 20-25 26-30 > 30 Malus domestica (*) < 17 17-22 23-25 > 25 Platanus x acerifolia < 15 15-19 20-26 > 26 Populus alba (*) < 14 14-18 19-25 > 25 Populus x canescens (*) < 14 14-17 18-25 > 25 P. x euramericana (*) < 22 22-25 26-28 > 28 Populus nigra (*) < 20 20-24 25-28 > 28 Populus tremula < 15 15-18 19-25 > 25 Prunus avium (**) < 15 15-18 19-26 > 26 Prunus cerasus < 15 15-18 19-26 > 26 Prunus domestica < 18 18-21 22-25 > 25 Pyrus communis (*) < 18 18-23 24-28 > 28 Quercus palustris < 18 18-20 21 -28 > 28 Quercus robur < 18 18-20 21 -28 > 28 Robinia pseudoacacia < 20 20-25 26-30 > 30 Salix alba (*) < 18 18-21 22-28 > 28 Salix triandra < 18 18-22 23-30 > 30 Salix viminalis < 20 20-22 23-30 > 30 Sorbus aria < 15 15-18 19-22 > 22 Sorbus aucuparia < 15 15-18 19-22 > 22 Tilia americana < 21 21-26 27-31 > 31 Tilia cordata < 17 17-20 21 -24 > 24 Tilia x euchlora < 17 17-21 22-26 > 26 Tilia platyphyllos < 17 17-21 22-28 > 28 Tilia x vulgaris < 17 17-24 25-28 > 28 Ulmus carpinifolia < 18 18-22 23-27 > 27 Ulmus glabra < 18 18-22 23-27 > 27 Ulmus x hollandica (*) < 18 18-22 23-27 > 27 - Table 3b.
Provisional values of the content of foliar phosphorus (g per kg dry matter) for the estimation of P-def iciency in the leaves in the period from early August to mid-September (4,8,9).
Tree species P-Supply Too low Low Normal Optimal Acer campestre < 1.0 1.0-1.2 1.3-1.5 > 1.5 Acer negundo < 1.0 1.0-1.2 1.3-1.5 > 1.5 Acer platanoides < 1.0 1.0-1.5 1.6-2.2 > 2.2 Acer pseudoplatanus < 1.0 1.0-1.5 1.6-2.2 > 2.2 Acer saccharinum < 1.0 1.0-1.3 1.4-1.9 > 1.9 Aesculus hippocastanum < 1.0 1.0-1.2 1.3-1.5 > 1.5 Alnus glutinosa < 1.0 1.0-1.5 1.6-2.0 > 2.0 Alnus incana < 1.0 1.0-1.5 1.6-2.0 > 2.0 Betula pendula < 1.0 1.0-1.5 1.6-2.0 > 2.0 Carpinus betulus < 1.0 1.0-1.2 1.3-2.0 > 2.0 Corylus avellana < 1.0 1.0-1.4 1.5-1.8 > 1.8 Corylus colurna < 1.2 1.2-1.5 1.6-2.1 > 2.1 Crataegus laevigata < 1.0 1.0-1.3 1.4 -1.6 > 1.6 Crataegus monogyna < 1.0 1.0-1.3 1.4-1.6 > 1.6 Fagus sylvatica < 1.0 1.0-1.3 1.4-1.6 > 1.6 Fraxinus excelsior < 1.0 1.0-1.5 1.6-2.0 > 2.0 Gleditsia triacanthos < 1.0 1.0-1.4 1.5-1.8 > 1.8 Juglans nigra < 1.0 1.0-1.4 1.5-2.1 > 2.1 Juglans regia < 1.2 1.2-1.8 1.9-2.4 > 2.4 Liquidambar styraciflua < 1.0 1.0-1.2 1.3-2.0 > 2.0 Liriodendron tulipifera < 1.2 1.2-1.7 1.8-2.1 > 2.1 Malus domestica (*) < 1.3 1.3-1.5 1.6-2.0 > 2.0 Platanus x acerifolia < 1.0 1.0-1.4 1.5-1.8 > 1.8 Populus alba (*) < 1.0 1.0-1.5 1.6-1.8 > 1.8 Populus x canescens (*) < 1.0 1.0-1.5 1.6-1.8 > 1.8 P. x euramericana (*) < 1.2 1.2-1.5 1.6-2.0 > 2.0 Populus nigra (*) < 1.0 1.0-1.5 1.6-2.0 > 2.0 Populus tremula < 1.0 1.0-1.3 1.4-1.8 > 1.8 Prunus avium (**) < 1.0 1.0-1.3 1.4 -1.7 > 1.7 Prunus cerasus < 1.0 1.0-1.4 1.5-1.8 > 1.8 Prunus domestica < 1.0 1.0-1.3 1.4-1.7 > 1.7 Pyrus communis (*) < 1.1 1.1 -1.3 1.4-1.7 > 1.7 Quercus palustris < 1.0 1.0-1.2 1.3-2.0 > 2.0 Quercus robur < 1.0 1.0-1.3 1.4-1.7 > 1.7 Robinia pseudoacacia < 1.1 1.1 -1.3 1.4-2.1 > 2.1 Salix alba (*) < 1.0 1.0-1.4 1.4-2.0 > 2.0 Salix triandra < 1.0 1.0-1.6 1.7-2.1 > 2.1 Salix viminalis < 1.0 1.0-1.6 1.7-2.1 > 2.1 Sorbus aria < 1.0 1.0-1.2 1.3-1.6 > 1.6 Sorbus aucuparia < 1.0 1.0-1.2 1.3-1.6 > 1.6 Tilia americana < 1.0 1.0-1.7 1.8-2.2 > 2.2 Tilia cordata < 1.0 1.0-1.4 1.5-2.0 > 2.0 Tilia x euchlora < 1.0 1.0-1.4 1.5-1.8 > 1.8 Tilia platyphyllos < 1.0 1.0-1.5 1.6-2.0 > 2.0 Tilia x vulgaris < 1.0 1.0-1.5 1.6-2.0 > 2.0 Ulmus carpinifolia < 1.0 1.0-1.5 1.6-1.9 > 1.9 Ulmus glabra < 1.0 1.0-1.5 1.6-1.9 > 1.9 Ulmus x hollandica (*) < 1.0 1.0-1.5 1.6-1.9 > 1.9 - Table 3c.
Provisional values of the content of foliar potassium (g per kg dry matter) for the estimation of K-deficiency in the leaves in the period from early August to mid September (4,8,9).
Tree species K-Supply Too low Low Normal Optimal Acer campestre <4 4-8 8.5-14 > 14 Acer negundo <4 4-8 8.5-14 > 14 Acer platanoides <7 7-11 11.5-15 > 15 Acer pseudoplatanus <7 7 -11 11.5-15 > 15 Acer saccharinum <4 4-9 9.5-18 > 18 Aesculus hippocastanum < 4.5 4.5-8.5 9-14 > 14 Alnus glutinosa <4 4-7.5 8-20 > 20 Alnus incana <4 4-6 6.5-20 > 20 Betula pendula <4 4-7 7.5-9 > 9 Carpinus betulus <4 4-6 6.5-9 > 9 Corylus avellana <5 5-10 10.5-16 > 16 Corylus colurna <5 5-7 7.5-16 > 16 Crataegus laevigata <4 4-6 6.5-14 > 14 Crataegus monogyna <4 4-6 6.5-14 > 14 Fagus sylvatica <4.5 4.5-7 7.5-15 > 15 Fraxinus excelsior <6 6-10 10.5-15 > 15 Gleditsia triacanthos <4 4-9 9.5-16 > 16 Juglans nigra <5 5-10 10.5-20 > 20 Juglans regia <5 5 -12.5 13-3 > 23 Liquidambar styraciflua <4 4-6 6.5-18 > 18 Liriodendron tulipifera <5 5-8 8.5-15 > 15 Malus domestica (*) <7 7-12 12.5-16 > 16 Platanus x acerifolia <4 4-6 6.5-17 > 17 Populus alba (*) <4 4-7 7.5-16 > 16 Populus x canescens (*) <4 4-7 7.5-16 > 16 P. x euramericana (*) <5 5-12 12.5-15 > 15 Populus nigra (*) <5 5-8 8.5-15 > 15 Populus tremula <5 5-8 8.5-16 > 16 Prunus avium (**) <6 6-10 10.5-17 > 17 Prunus cerasus <6 6-10 10.5-17 > 17 Prunus domestica <6 6-12 12.5-15 > 15 Pyrus communis (*) < 6 6 -12 12.5-15 > 15 Quercus palustris < 4 4-6 6.5-8 > 8 Quercus robur <4 4-6 6.5-8 > 8 Robinia pseudoacacia <4 4-7 7.5-20 > 20 Salix alba (*) <6 6-10 10.5-19 > 19 Salix triandra <7 7.5-10 10.5-19 > 19 Salix viminalis <6 6.5-8 8.5-19 > 19 Sorbus aria <4 4-6 6.5-14 > 14 Sorbus aucuparia <4 4-6 6.5-14 > 14 Tilia americana <5 5-10 10.5-19 > 19 Tilia cordata <8 8-10 10.5-15 > 15 Tilia x euchlora <6 6.5-10 10.5-15 > 15 Tilia platyphyllos <6 6.5-10 10.5-15 > 15 Tilia x vulgaris <6 6.5-10 10.5-15 > 15 Ulmus carpinifolia <6.5 6.5-12 12.5-18 > 18 Ulmus glabra < 6.5 6.5-12 12.5-18 > 18 Ulmus x hollandica (*) < 6.5 6.5-12 12.5-18 > 18 - Table 3d.
Provisional values of the content of foliar magnesium (g per kg dry matter) for the estimation of Mg-deficiency in the leaves in the period from early August to mid September (4,8,9).
Tree species Mg-Supply Too low Low Normal Optimal Acer campestre < 0.8 0.8-1.2 1.3-2.2 > 2.2 Acer negundo < 0.6 0.6-1.2 1.3-2.2 > 2.2 Acer platanoides < 0.8 0.8-1.6 1.7-2.7 > 2.7 Acer pseudoplatanus < 0.8 0.8-1.6 1.7-2.7 > 2.7 Acer saccharinum < 0.7 0.7-1.4 1.5-2.7 > 2.7 Aesculus hippocastanum < 0.7 0.7-1.1 1.2-2.7 > 2.7 Alnus glutinosa < 1.3 1.3-1.6 1.7-2.5 > 2.5 Alnus incana < 1.1 1.1-1.5 1.6-2.5 > 2.5 Betula pendula < 1.0 1.0-1.3 1.4-1.6 > 1.6 Carpinus betulus < 0.8 0.8-1.2 1.3-2.7 > 2.7 Corylus avellana < 0.9 0.9-1.8 1.9-2.5 > 2.5 Corylus colurna < 1.2 1.2-1.6 1.7-3.0 > 3.0 Crataegus laevigata < 0.8 0.8-1.4 1.5-2.2 > 2.2 Crataegus monogyna < 0.8 0.8-1.4 1.5-2.2 > 2.2 Fagus sylvatica < 1.0 1.0-1.5 1.6-2.3 > 2.3 Fraxinus excelsior < 0.9 0.9-1.6 1.7-2.8 > 2.8 Gleditsia triacanthos < 0.8 0.8-1.4 1.5-2.5 > 2.5 Juglans nigra < 1.0 1.0-2.0 2.1-3.0 > 3.0 Juglans regia < 1.2 1.2-1.8 1.9-3.5 > 3.5 Liquidambar styraciflua < 0.7 0.7-1.2 1.3-2.8 > 2.8 Liriodendron tulipifera < 1.0 1.0-1.8 1.9 -3.0 > 3.0 Malus domestica (*) < 1.0 1.0-2.0 2.1-3.0 > 3.0 Platanus x acerifolia < 0.8 0.8-1.4 1.5-2.6 > 2.6 Populus alba (*) < 0.8 0.8-1.4 1.5-2.5 > 2.5 Populus x canescens (*) < 0.8 0.8-1.4 1.5-2.5 > 2.5 P. x euramericana (*) < 1.2 1.2-1.7 1.8-2.8 > 2.8 Populus nigra (*) < 1.0 1.0-1.8 1.9-2.8 > 2.8 Populus tremula < 0.8 0.8-1.4 1.5-1.7 > 1.7 Prunus avium (**) < 1.2 1.2-1.5 1.6-2.6 > 2.6 Prunus cerasus < 1.2 1.2-1.5 1.6-2.6 > 2.6 Prunus domestica < 1.2 1.2-1.8 1.9-2.5 > 2.5 Pyrus communis (‘) < 1.2 1.2-1.8 1.9-2.8 > 2.8 Quercus palustris < 0.9 0.9-1.5 1.6-2.8 > 2. Quercus robur < 1.3 1.3-1.5 1.6-2.8 > 2.8 Robinia pseudoacacia < 1.0 1.0-1.5 1.6-2.2 > 2.2 Salix alba (*) < 0.9 0.9-1.6 1.7-2.8 > 2.8 Salix triandra < 0.9 0.9-1.6 1.7-3.0 > 3.0 Salix viminalis < 1.0 1.0-1.6 1.7-3.0 > 3.0 Sorbus aria < 0.8 0.8-1.4 1.5-2.2 > 2.2 Sorbus aucuparia < 0.8 0.8-1.4 1.5-2.2 > 2.2 Tilia americana < 1.0 1.0-1.5 1.6-3.0 > 3.0 Tilia cordata < 0.8 0.8-1.1 1.1 -2.4 > 2.4 Tilia x euchlora < 0.8 0.8-1.1 1.2-2.4 > 2.4 Tilia platyphyllos < 0.8 0.8-1.2 1.3-2.8 > 2.8 Tilia x vulgaris < 0.8 0.8-1.2 1.3-2.8 > 2.8 Ulmus carpinifolia < 0.9 0.9-1.6 1.7-2.7 > 2.7 Ulmus glabra < 0.9 0.9-1.6 1.7-2.7 > 2.7 Ulmus x hollandica (*) < 0.9 0.9-1.6 1.7-2.7 > 2.7 - Table 4.
Critical values of the proportion of nutrition elements to N (= 100) in the leaves for the estimation of relative nutrient deficiency (with regard to N) for deciduous trees.
Element Supply Optimal Sufficient Insufficient N 100 100 100 P 10-14 5-10 <5 K 50-100 25-50 <25 Mg 10 5-10 < 5 - Table 5.
Critical values of the cation-quotients in the leaves for the estimation of relative deficiencies of K (with regard to Ca) and Mg (with regard to K) for deciduous trees.
Normal Possible deficiency Deficiency K/Ca 3.5-1.0 0.5-1.0 > 0.5 K/Mg 1-to 9 7 to 9-12 12-20
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