Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Needle electrode driver.
- Figure 2.
Components of the needle electrode driver.
- Figure 3.
Sliding hammer bar (Part B).
- Figure 4.
Sliding hammer (Part C).
- Figure 5.
Nylon insulator (Part D).
- Figure 6.
Electrodes crew (Part E) and the electrode holder nut (Part F).
Tables
Component Name Material Size No. Reqd. A Acorn nut Steel 5/8-11 N.C. 1 B Sliding hammer bar C1212-Steel round bar 1-1/8 × 12 1 C Sliding hammer C1212 Steel round bar 1 ½ × 3-1/8 1 D Nylon I insulator Nylon 6/6, E.P. Grade 275 1 ¼ × 2½ 1 E Electrode screw 5/16 HEX-C1212, Steel 3/16 × 1-3/8 2 F Electrode holder nut 5/16 HEX-C1212, Steel 5/16 × 5/16 2 G Wire brad electrode Steel 18 ga × 1½ 2 MISC Roll pin Spring steel 1/8 × 7/8 1 Electric cord RG 58A/U 4 ft. - Table 2 Comparison of time and percent bent needles for conventional and driver electrode insertion methods by species.
Electrode insertion method Differential* Conventional Driver Scientific name Common name Time (Sec) Needles bent (%) Time (Sec) Needles bent (%) Time (Sec) Needles bent (%) Hardwoods Acer rubrum Red maple 3.38 52.6 1.20 0.0 2.18 52.6 Betula nigra River birch 2.84 46.6 1.48 0.0 1.36 46.6 Carya glabra Pignut hickory 3.73 82.7 1.78 7.5 1.95 75.2 Carya tomentosa Mockernut hickory 4.68 85.3 2.11 15.1 2.57 70.2 Castanea dentata American chestnut 1.25 15.0 1.07 0.0 .18 15.0 Catalpa bignonioides Catalpa 1.40 17.5 .80 5.5 .60 12.0 Celtis occidentalis Hackberry 3.68 45.2 2.01 0.0 1.67 45.2 Cercis canadensis Eastern redbud 1.88 22.6 1.48 7.4 .40 15.2 Cornus florida Dogwood 3.58 82.6 1.47 7.4 2.11 75.2 Fagus grandifolia American beech 3.02 32.6 1.45 0.0 1.57 32.6 Fraxinus pennsylvanica Green ash 3.34 78.7 1.40 7.4 1.94 71.3 Ilex opaca American holly 2.74 45.2 1.72 15.0 1.02 30.2 Juglans nigra Black walnut 2.25 45.3 1.46 0.0 .79 45.3 Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum 3.08 37.6 1.54 7.6 1.54 30.0 Liriodendron tulipifera Yellow poplar 2.14 41.0 1.04 2.5 1.10 38.5 Nyssa sylvatica Black tupelo 2.50 37.5 1.35 7.3 1.15 30.2 Ostrya vlrginiana Eastern hophornbeam 3.80 77.7 1.79 5.5 2.01 72.7 Oxydendrum arboreum Sourwood 2.64 52.6 1.16 7.3 1.48 45.3 Plantanus occidentalis Sycamore 3.16 45.0 1.66 0.0 1.50 45.0 Populus deltoides Eastern cottonwood 1.39 27.6 1.07 0.0 .32 27.6 Prunus serotina Black cherry 2.71 52.6 1.47 0.0 1.24 52.6 Quercus alba White oak 2.78 65.0 1.10 5.0 1.68 60.0 Quercus coccinea Scarlet oak 3.59 62.0 1.57 7.1 2.02 54.9 Quercus falcata Southern red oak 4.89 71.2 1.39 5.2 3.50 66.0 Quercus marilandica Blackjack oak 2.02 57.6 1.15 7.2 .87 50.4 Quercus nigra Water oak 3.98 65.2 1.88 15.1 2.10 50.1 Quercus prinus Chestnut oak 2.26 61.0 1.24 9.8 1.02 51.2 Quercus stellata Post oak 2.54 52.6 1.14 0.0 1.40 52.6 Quercus velutina Black oak 4.99 73.1 1.63 12.6 3.36 60.5 Robinia pseudoacacia Black locust 2.18 42.6 1.47 0.0 .71 42.6 Ulmus americana American elm 2.20 35.1 .89 0.0 1.31 35.1 Average 2.92 51.9 1.42 5.1 1.50 46.8 Conifers Juniperus virginiana Eastern redcedar 2.11 62.7 1.38 17.5 .73 45.2 Pinus echinata Shortleaf pine 2.01 32.6 .99 0.0 1.02 32.6 Pinus elliottii Slash pine 1.52 17.5 .96 0.0 .56 17.5 Pinus palustris Longleaf pine 2.11 22.6 1.24 7.6 .87 15.0 Pinus strobus White pine 1.67 27.6 1.26 0.0 .41 27.6 Pinus taeda Loblolly pine 1.90 31.8 .98 3.2 .92 28.6 Pinus virginiana Virginia pine 2.33 47.6 1.21 12.5 1.12 35.1 Taxodium distichum Baldcypress 1.56 25.2 .99 0.0 .57 25.2 Tsuga canadensis Eastern hemlock 1.87 12.3 1.23 7.0 .64 5.3 Average 1.90 31.1 1.14 5.3 .76 25.7 Overall Average 2.69 47.2 1.36 5.2 1.34 42.1 ↵* Differential is defined as conventional minus driver values.
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