Research ArticleArticles

Insecticides For Control of Bark Beetles That Spread Dutch Elm Disease

Gerald N. Lanier, John F. Sherman, Robert J. Rabaglia and Alan H. Jones
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) October 1984, 10 (10) 265-272; DOI: https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1984.057

Article Figures & Data

Figures

  • Figure 2.
    Figure 2.

    Preventing infestation of elm logs (Experiment 2). Percent mortality among European elm bark beetles caged with elm logs 0-20 weeks after they were sprayed.

  • Figure 1.
    Figure 1.

    Control of European elm bark beetle broods (Experiment 1). Daily emergence of beetles per dm2 bark surface of brood wood unsprayed or sprayed with various insecticides.

  • Figure 3.
    Figure 3.

    Mortality of elm bark beetles walking on sprayed elm bark (Experiment 3). Percent mortality among European elm bark beetles confined for 10 seconds on bark untreated or sprayed with various insecticides plotted against number of weeks after treatment.

  • Figure 4A,B.
    Figure 4A,B.

    Feeding on unsprayed and sprayed twigs (Experiment 4). Penetrations to the xylem per European elm bark beetle confined for 24 h with elm twig crotches cut at various times after treatment. A, open symbols represent treatments in October 1978 and darkened symbols represent treatments in May 1979. Controls (not shown) ranged from 0.50-0.80 in 1978 and 0.60-0.90 in 1979. B, darkened and open symbols respectively represent treatments in May and August 1983.

  • Figure 5.
    Figure 5.

    Percent mortality of European elm bark beetles confined with unsprayed or sprayed elm twigs (Experiment 4). Darkened and open symbols represent treatments in May and July 1983, respectively.

Tables

  • Table 1 Effects of insecticides on broods of European elm bark beetles in logs.
    Treatments (4 each)Means and standard errors1
    Beetles emerged per dm2 bark surfaceMortality of emerged adults2
    Chlorpyrifos4.5 ± 2.3a99.8 ± 0.2a
    Methoxychlor18.8 ± 6.4b80.2 ± 2.7ab
    Carbaryl32.3 ± 9.2b65.9 ± 15.4b
    Control35.6 ± 6.0b12.4 ± 1.4c

    • ↵1 Means in a column followed by different letters are significantly different (Student-Newman-Keals test, P ◀ 0.05)

    • ↵2 Percent of the beetles dead within 24 h of their emergence.

  • Table 2 Effects of insecticides on colonization of elm logs by European elm bark beetles.a
    TreatmentNumbers of egg galleries and (brood)
    0b51020
    Chlorpyrifos0000
    Methoxychlor0000
    Carbaryl04(479)15(509)0
    Control12(1000c)4(123)12(677)0

    • ↵a Fig. 2 shows mortality of colonizing adults.

    • ↵b Weathering period (weeks) between insecticide treatment and introduction of colonizing adults.

    • ↵c Brood adults, pupae and larvae (all or almost all fully grown).

  • Table 3 Percent of elm bark beetles moribund or deada following various exposures to elm bark treated with insecticides.b
    Week post treatmentExposure durationCarbarylMethoxychlorChlorpyrifosControl
    European elm bark beetle, Scolytus multistriatus
    Week 010 sec.10/1010/1010/1000/0
    1 min.30/3030/4030/1000/20
    3 hrs.100/100100/10090/1000/30
    Week 110 sec.0/500/30100/1000/0
    1 min.0/10/080/1000/0
    3 hrs.100/100100/90100/1000/0
    Week 310 sec.0/00/00/1000/0
    1 min.0/100/00/500/0
    3 hrs.100/8070/50100/1000/0
    Week 610 sec.0/200/00/900/0
    1 min.0/400/00/1000/0
    3 hrs.100/10090/100100/1000/0
    Week 1010 sec.0/00/00/200/0
    1 min.0/010/1040/1000/10
    3 hrs.80/9090/100100/10010/20
    Native elm bark beetle, Hylurgopinus rufipes
    Week 010 sec.0/4010/60100/1000/30
    1 min.0/500/30100/1000/60
    3 hrs.70/8040/80100/1000/40
    Week 110 sec.0/00/20100/1000/0
    1 min.xxbxx100/100xx
    3 hrs.xxxxxxxx
    Week 310 sec.0/00/00/200/0
    1 min.0/00/020/800/20
    3 hrs.20/400/0100/1000/20
    Week 610 sec.xxxxxxxx
    1 min.xx0/020/1000/20
    3 hrs.xxxxxxxx
    Week 1010 sec.0/4010/100100/10010/10
    1 min.10/200/5010/700/20
    3 hrs.50/8080/80100/1000/20

    • ↵a Ten beetle replicates at each exposure after 3 hr/24 hr recovery period. E.g., 30/100 = 30% moribund or dead 3 hr after exposure, 100% moribund or dead 12 hr after exposure.

    • ↵b Owing to insufficient supply of beetles only 5 H. rufipes/exposure were tested during weeks 1, 2 and 3; xx indicates no test was made. Other tests used 10 beetles each.

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Insecticides For Control of Bark Beetles That Spread Dutch Elm Disease
Gerald N. Lanier, John F. Sherman, Robert J. Rabaglia, Alan H. Jones
Arboriculture & Urban Forestry (AUF) Oct 1984, 10 (10) 265-272; DOI: 10.48044/jauf.1984.057
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