Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
A ROW sample unit, maintained with herbicides, with a high population of 11.2 birds per hectare counted per census day. A shrub-herb-fern-grass plant cover along with resurgent trees was present.
- Figure 2.
Typical oak-hickory forest adjacent to the ROW. The forest was two-layered with a 1 M-tall herb layer and a 12 to 18 M tree layer.
- Figure 3.
Spot maps for 6 consecutive census days on a ROW sample unit (d-3), 1.1 ha in area, with a population of 11.2 birds counted per ha per census day. Key to species: A = towhee, B = yellowthroat, C = catbird, D = field sparrow, E = goldfinch, F = downy woodpecker, G = black and white warbler, H = cedar waxwing, I = goldenwinged warbler, J = least flycatcher, K = myrtle warbler, L = rosebreasted grosbeak, M = white-breasted nuthatch, N = cowbird. Each dot represents an individual bird.
- Figure 4.
Composite spot maps of the distribution of the 5 most common bird species on a ROW sample unit, 1.1 ha in area, with a population of 11.2 birds counted per ha per census day. Lines connect birds counted on the same day; each dot represents an individual bird.
- Figure 5.
An immature yellowthroat feeding on the ROW. This was the most common species on the ROW.
Tables
1951-52 The ROW was clearcut during capital construction through an upland oak-hickory forest. 1953 Five herbicide treatments and handcutting were each replicated 4 times on 20 ROW units along a 5 km segment. Chemicals used were 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, and ammonium sulphamate. 1954 A follow-up selective basal spray of 2,4-D + 2,4,5-T was applied to one-half of each herbicide treatment area. 1958 Handcut units were clearcut. 1966 A selective basal spray, stump spray and stemfoliage spray of 2,4-D + 2,4,5-T was applied to the entire 5 km segment as needed. 1967 Handcut units were clearcut. 1976 Handcut units were clearcut. 1982 A bird census was carried out in July just prior to application of new ROW maintenance treatments. - Table 1.
Number of birds counted per hectare per day on ROW and forest sample units for the 6-day census in July, 1982.
Census date July Number of birds per hectare ROW-herbicide ROW-handcut Adjoining forest 12 5.7 4.7 3.1 13 8.4 5.7 5.0 14 6.8 5.6 3.1 15 6.3 7.1 2.9 16 6.5 4.9 3.4 17 4.8 4.8 2.8 Mean 6.4 5.5 3.4 Std. Dev. 1.2 0.9 0.8 - Table 2.
Number of individual birds recorded In 6 census days (July 12-17, 1982) on the ROW and in the adjoining forest. Species names are from Person (1980) and the most common species are marked with an asterisk.
Species No. birds per hectare ROW-herbicide ROW-handcut Adjoining forest Most common on ROW Common yellowthroat, Geothlypis trichas 10.4* 9.3* 1.6* Rufous-sides towhee, Pipilo erythrophthalmus 6.1* 1.9* 2.8* Field sparrow, Spizella pusilia 4.2* 0.7 0.1 Indigo bunting, Passerina cyanea 3.5* 3.0* 0.1 Gray catbird, Dumetella carolinensis 3.1* 5.9* 0.1 Common on ROW Black-capped chickadee, Parus atricapillus 1.8 1.5 1.0 Chestnut-sided warbler, Dendroica pensylvanica 1.5 2.2* 0.2 American goldfinch, Carduelis tristis 1.2 0.4 — Downy woodpecker, Picoides pubescens 0.9 0.4 0.8 American robin, Turdus migratorius 0.5 0.7 0.2 White-breasted nuthatch, Sitta carolinensis 0.5 — 0.7 Occasional on ROW American redstart, Setophaga ruticilia 0.4 1.9* 0.6 Brown-headed cowbird, Molothrus ater 0.4 0.7 — Red-eyed vireo, Vireo olivaceus 0.4 0.7 2.6* Scarlet tanager, Piranga olivacea 0.4 0.4 0.9 Song sparrow, Melospiza melodia 0.4 — — Rose-breasted grosbeak, Pheucticus ludovicianus 0.3 — 0.1 Black-and-white warbler, Mniotilta varia 0.3 1.1 — Blue-gray gnatcatcher, Polioptila caerulea 0.3 0.4 — Cedar waxwing, Bombycilla cedrorum 0.3 — — Great crested flycatcher, Myiarchus crinitus 0.3 — 0.2 Wood thrush, Hylocichla musteline 0.3 — 1.3* Black-billed cuckoo, Coccyzus erythropthalmus 0.2 — — Least flycatcher, Empidonax minimus 0.2 — 0.1 Yellow-rumped warbler, Dendroica coronata 0.2 — 0.1 Brown creeper, Certhia familiaris 0.1 — — Canada warbler, Wilsonia canadensis 0.1 — — American crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos 0.1 — — Golden-winged warbler, Vermivora chrysoptera 0.1 — 0.1 Ruffed grouse, Bonasa umbellus 0.1 — 0.1 Ovenbird, Seiurus aurocapillus — 0.4 1.2* Eastern pewee, Contopus virens — — 0.7 Worm-eating warbler, Helmitheros vermivorus — — 0.4 Broad-winged hawk, Buteo platypterus — — 0.2 Common (yellow-shafted) flicker, Colaptes auratus — — 0.1 Northern cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis — — 0.1 Great horned owl, Bubo virginianus — — 0.1
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